(English version below)

UNESCO

教科文组织代表联合国水机构出版

《联合国世界水发展报告》3月19日发布

巴黎/日内瓦，3月19日——享有水和环境卫生是国际公认的人权。然而，逾20亿人连这类基本服务都没有得到。最新的《联合国世界水发展报告：不让任何人掉队》探讨了这一问题及克服不平等的方法。在世界水日（3月22日）即将到来之际，报告将于3月19日在人权理事会第40届会议期间在瑞士日内瓦发布。

《联合国世界水发展报告：不让任何人掉队》

https://en.unesco.org/water-security/wwap/wwdr/2019

附报告执行摘要中文版

https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367303_chi

联合国大会2010年通过一项决议，承认“享有安全、清洁饮水和卫生设施的人权”，并在2015年进一步明确享有卫生设施是一项人权。这些权利要求各国努力为所有公民提供水和环境卫生，不带歧视同时优先考虑最需要的人。“2030年可持续发展议程” 在2015年出台，其中的可持续发展目标6旨在确保到2030年为所有人提供可持续的水和卫生设施管理和获取。

然而，尽管我们在过去15年里取得了重大进展，但这一目标对于世界上大多数人来说仍然遥不可及。2015年，全球30%人口（21亿）没有安全饮用水，60%人口（45亿）没有安全管理的卫生设施。实现这一重要目标仍然任重道远。

“获得水资源是关乎每个个体尊严的重要权利，”教科文组织总干事阿祖莱说，“然而，仍有数十亿人未能享有这一权利。新一期《联合国世界水发展报告》表明，朝着这一方向携手前进的共同决心，以及将被遗落在决策过程之外的人纳入其中的努力将能推动这一权利的实现。”

联合国水机制主席兼国际农业发展基金主席洪博（Gilbert F. Houngbo）表示：“这些数据不言自明。正如报告所示，如果自然环境继续以目前的速度退化，对全球水资源可持续性的压力继续维持在目前的高度，到2050年，全球国内生产总值将可能降低45％，全球粮食产量的降幅可能达到40％。贫困和边缘化人口将受到更为严重的冲击，进一步加剧日趋明显的不平等现象。……2019版报告提供的证据说明，有必要从政策和实践两方面采取措施，以消除排斥和不平等的根源。”

城乡差异巨大

这些数字里隐藏着巨大的差异。从全球范围来看，没有安全饮用水源的人口中，半数生活在非洲。在撒哈拉以南非洲，汲取生活用水的责任主要由妇女和女童承担，她们中有许多人需要前往半小时路程以外的地方取水，而这不利于她们接受教育。同样是在该地区，只有24％的人口能够获得安全的饮用水，只有28％的人口拥有属于自己家庭的基础卫生设施。

即便在国家内部也存在显著差异，尤其是在富人和穷人之间。在城市地区，生活在没有自来水的临时住所中的弱势群体，往往需要比富裕社区的邻居多花费10至20倍，用于从自来水供应商或水罐车购买相似或更低质量的水。

报告作者认为，水权不能与其他人权分离。事实上，那些因性别、年龄、社会经济地位或种族、宗教、语言特征而被边缘化或受歧视的人群，往往也更难获得适当的水和卫生设施。

难民尤为脆弱

难民和流离失所者往往面临供水和卫生服务方面的严重障碍，而目前，这一群体的人口数量正处于历史峰值。2017年，6850万人因冲突和迫害逃离家园。此外，由于自然灾害，每年平均有2530万人被迫迁徙，这是20世纪70年代初期的2倍，而且气候变化极可能进一步推高这一数字。

包容性政策是实现可持续发展目标6的必要条件，也是消除不同用水群体之间的冲突的前提。报告显示，在用水需求持续攀升（自1980年代以来每年增长1％）的背景下，与水有关的冲突显著增加：从2000-2009年的94起上升至2010-2018年的263起，

报告表明，投资供水和卫生设施具有良好的经济意义。投资回报率普遍较高，对弱势群体需求的投资更是如此，若将健康和生产力等更广泛的利益纳入考量则尤为明显。饮用水行业投资回报乘数的全球估值为2，而卫生设施行业则达到5.5。

《联合国世界水发展报告》在每年的世界水日发布，是32个联合国实体和41个国际伙伴合作的成果。联合国教科文组织世界水资源评估计划是报告工作的协调和出版方。

媒体联系人：

Agnès Bardon

教科文组织新闻服务

+33145681764

a.bardon@unesco.org

Daniella Bostrom Couffe

联合国水机制

+41791599217

daniella.bostrom@unwater.org

Billions deprived of the right to water

UNESCO Publication on behalf of UN Water

Launch of the United Nations World Water Development Report on 19 March

Access to water and sanitation is internationally recognized human right. Yet more than two billion people lack even the most basic of services. The latest United Nations World Water Development Report, Leaving No One Behind, explores the symptoms of exclusion and investigates ways to overcome inequalities. The report will be launched in Geneva, Switzerland, on 19 March during the 40th Session of the Human Rights Council, ahead of World Water Day (22 March).

World Water Development Report 2019 - Leaving No One Behind

https://en.unesco.org/water-security/wwap/wwdr/2019

In 2010, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution recognizing “the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right” and in 2015 the human right to sanitation was explicitly recognized as a distinct right. These rights oblige States to work towards achieving universal access to water and sanitation for all, without discrimination, while prioritizing those most in need. Five years later, Sustainable Development Goal 6 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to guarantee sustainable management of, and access to, water and sanitation for all by 2030.

Yet, despite significant progress over the past 15 years, this goal is unreachable for much of the world's population. In 2015, three in ten people (2.1 billion) did not have access to safe drinking water and 4.5 billion people, or six in ten, had no safely managed sanitation facilities. The world is still off track in achieving this important goal.

“Access to water is a vital right for the dignity of every human being,” declared UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay. “Yet, billions of people are still deprived of this right. The new edition of the UN World Water Development Report shows that collective determination to move forward and efforts to include those who have been left behind in the decision making process could make this right a reality.”

“The numbers speak for themselves. As the Report shows, if the degradation of the natural environment and the unsustainable pressure on global water resources continue at current rates, 45% of global Gross Domestic Product and 40% of global grain production will be at risk by 2050. Poor and marginalized populations will be disproportionately affected, further exacerbating already rising inequalities [...] The 2019 Report provides evidence of the need to adapt approaches, in both policy and practice, to address the causes of exclusion and inequality,” said Gilbert F. Houngbo, Chair of UN-Water and President of the International Fund for Agricultural Development.

Wide disparities between the rich and the poor

These figures hide significant disparities. On a global scale, half of the people who drink water from unsafe sources live in Africa. In Sub-Saharan Africa, only 24% of the population have access to safe drinking water, and 28% have basic sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households.

Significant discrepancies in access exist even within cuuntries, notably between the rich and the poor. In urban areas, the disadvantaged housed in makeshift accommodations without running water often pay 10 to 20 times more than their neighbours in wealthier neighbourhoods for water of similar or lesser quality purchased from water vendors or tanker trucks.

The right to water, the report's authors explain, cannot be separated from other human rights. In fact, those who are marginalized or discriminated against because of their gender, age, socio- economic status, or because of their ethnic, religious or linguistic identity, are also more likely to have limited access to proper water and sanitation.

Almost half of people drinking water from unprotected sources live in Sub- Saharan Africa, where the burden of collecting water lies mainly on women and girls, many of whom spend more than 30 minutes on each journey to fetch water. Without safe, accessible water and sanitation, these people are likely to face multiple challenges, including poor health and living conditions, malnutrition, and lack of opportunities for education and employment.

Refugees particularly vulnerable

Refugees and internally displaced people are often face severe barriers to the access of water supply and sanitation services and their numbers are higher than ever before. In 2017, conflicts and persecution forced 68.5 million people to flee their homes. Moreover, an annual average of 25.3 million people are forced to migrate because of natural disasters, twice as many as in the early 1970s – a number expected to raise further due to climate change.

Inclusive policies are needed to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6. They are also needed to defuse conflicts between different water users. In a context of increasing demand (1% yearly increase since the 1980s), the Report observes a significant rise in water-related conflicts: 94 from 2000 to 2009, 263 from 2010 to 2018,

The Report demonstrates that investing in water supply and sanitation makes good economic sense. The return on investment is high in general and for the vulnerable and disadvantaged in particular, especially when broader benefits such as health and productivity are taken into accuunt. The multiplier for the return on investment has been globally estimated at two for drinking water and 5.5 for sanitation.

Coordinated and published by UNESCO's World Water Assessment Programme, the United Nations World Water Development Report is the result of a collaboration between the 32 United Nations entities and the 41 international partners who make up UN-Water. It is published every year on World Water Day.

Media contact:

Agnès Bardon

UNESCO Press Service

Tel: +331 45681764

a.bardon@unesco.org

Daniella Bostrom Couffe

UN-Water

+41 79 159 92 17

daniella.bostrom@unwater.org